Análogamente, el cero es una representación gráfica de una operación consistente en dejar un hueco, un lugar vacío, en un ceremonial político-religioso propio de una sociedad de castas que ya posee la escritura como era la de la India. Lo que explicaría por qué los indios –que no tenían un Euclides o un Arquímedes– conocieron el cero. Pero el número cero terminó segregándose de este contexto técnico (Gustavo Bueno, Prólogo a Historia de la Lógica de Julián Velarde, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, 1989, p. XIII). Escribir los numerales en rojo no hace que los números sean rojos, porque también podrían haberse trazado con tinta negra o azul. Esta neutralización de la subjetualidad ligada a los contextos técnicos, mediante un mecanismo de reducción-absorción, es condición de posibilidad del cierre categorial de las matemáticas.

Quelques réflexions à propos de l’ouvrage « Le Second Principe de la Science du Temps »par Costa de Beauregard. Devons-nous attribuer au temps une existence objective ou est-ce la conscience qui introduit le temps dans l’univers? Ou bien faut-il introduire une multiplicité interne dans la notion de temps pour conclure que certains de ses aspects sont imposés par l’univers physique tandis que d’autres sont d’origine subjective.

Gibbsian statistical mechanics (GSM) is the most widely used version of statistical mechanics among working physicists. Yet a closer look at GSM reveals that it is unclear what the theory actually says and how it bears on experimental practice. The root cause of the difficulties is the status of the Averaging Principle, the proposition that what we observe in an experiment is the ensemble average of a phase function. We review different stances toward this principle, and eventually present a coherent interpretation of GSM that provides an account of the status and scope of the principle.

Ignorar la geografía generalmente resulta en fracasos o desastres. Inutiliza ventajas y elimina sentimientos de superioridad. El examen cuidadoso de sus atributos produce resultados positivos y construye reputaciones. En el pasado también ha favorecido al establecimiento de imperios. En realidad, la política no es nada sin la geografía. La psicología de una nación es con frecuencia controlada por su ubicación y los mapas tienen un poder que los políticos deben inevitablemente encontrar la manera de dominarlo.

In the literature, there have been several methods and definitions for working out if two theories are “equivalent” (essentially the same) or not. In this article, we do something subtler. We provide means to measure distances (and explore connections) between formal theories. We define two main notions for such distances. A natural definition is that of axiomatic distance, but we argue that it might be of limited interest. The more interesting and widely applicable definition is that of conceptual distance which measures the minimum number of concepts that separate two theories. For instance, we use conceptual distance to show that relativistic and classical kinematics are distinguished by one concept only.

The author suggests that Lock’s basic thesis, as he presents his main epistemological theory in his celebrated An Essay on Human Understanding, is transformed into a metaphysics by Whitehead in his Process and Reality.

El objetivo de este artículo es describir con cierto detalle las relaciones efectivas entre Charles S. Peirce y Alfred N. Whitehead, poniendo particular atención en las nociones peirceanas de ciencia y de metafísica, con la convicción de que este contraste puede ayudar a captar mejor el alcance y la hondura del pensamiento de C. S. Peirce.

The question about fair income inequality has been an important open question in economics and in political philosophy for over two centuries with only qualitative answers such as the ones suggested by Rawls, Nozick, and Dworkin. We provided a quantitative answer recently, for an ideal free-market society, by developing a game-theoretic framework that proved that the ideal inequality is a lognormal distribution of income at equilibrium. In this paper, we develop another approach, using the Nash Bargaining Solution (NBS) framework, which also leads to the same conclusion. Even though the conclusion is the same, the new approach, however, reveals the true nature of NBS, which has been of considerable interest for several decades.

José E. Muñoz-Negro, Juan F. Mula-Ponce, Josefa M. López-Pérez, José Pablo Martínez-Barbero, Jorge A. Cervilla Abstract: The object of study of Psychiatry is hybrid, that is, it is both natural and social. It combines the methods of natural Sciences and those of social Sciences. Currently, Psychiatry is the branch of Medicine where epistemological and hermeneutical conflicts are more than […]

Contrary to claims about the irrelevance of philosophy for science, I argue that philosophy has had, and still has, far more influence on physics than is commonly assumed. I maintain that the current anti-philosophical ideology has had damaging effects on the fertility of science. I also suggest that recent important empirical results, such as the detection of the Higgs particle and gravitational waves, and the failure to detect supersymmetry where many expected to find it, question the validity of certain philosophical assumptions common among theoretical physicists, inviting us to engage in a clearer philosophical reflection on scientific method.