It is described how quantum field theory went from a theory for calculating the properties of stationary states, in the mold of quantum mechanics, to the scattering-focused theory we know today. This development is located as originating in the 1930s and 40s, primarily in the attempts by Werner Heisenberg and Richard Feynman to find a new theory of relativistic quantum mechanics that gets rid of the notion of state entirely.

The following offers a new axiomatic basis of mechanics and physics in their most important dynamics domain, i. e. an axiom (principle) of completeness intended to generalize Newton’s second law of motion for the case of a non-stationary variable-mass point (system) that varies with time. This generalization leads to hyperdynamic dependencies describing such motion from new accurate qualitative standpoints.

This paper is an exposition and review of the research related to the Riemann Hypothesis starting from the work of Riemann and ending with a description of the work of G. Spencer-Brown.

A goal of physics is to understand the greatest possible breadth of natural phenomena in terms of the most economical set of basic concepts. However, as the understanding of physics has developed historically, its pedagogy and language have not kept pace. This gap handicaps the student and the practitioner, making it harder to learn and apply ideas that are `well understood’, and doubtless making it more difficult to see past those ideas to new discoveries. Energy, momentum, and action are archaic concepts representing an unnecessary level of abstraction. Viewed from a modern perspective, these quantities correspond to wave parameters, namely temporal frequency, spatial frequency, and phase, respectively.

In this paper it is demonstrated that the application of principal components analysis for regional cluster modelling and analysis is essential in the situations where there is significant multicollinearity among several parameters, especially when the dimensionality of regional data is measured in tens. The proposed principal components model allows for same-quality representation of the clustering of regions. In fact, the clusters become more distinctive and the apparent outliers become either more pronounced with the component model clustering or are alleviated with the respective hierarchical cluster. Thus, a five-component model was obtained and validated upon 85 regions of Russian Federation and 19 socio-economic parameters. The principal components allowed to describe approximately 75 percent of the initial parameters variation and enable further simulations upon the studied variables

The West is facing an unprecedented threat to its hegemony, as more agile, innovative, and cohesive non-Western powers are growing by leaps and bounds, to the point of making a transition to a global non-Western hegemony for the first time in history. During the last five centuries, the baton had passed from one European power to the next, and ultimately to the United States. Should the United States falter under the double weight of its global imperial overstretch and domestic oligarchy plundering even its own society, there will not be another Western state there to pick up where it left off. European Union, once touted as a likely successor or possible candidate for US-EU co-hegemony, is showing few signs of consolidating into a federation. Thus America’s decline would in all likelihood lead to the People’s Republic of China becoming the global hegemonic power.

The Germans invented and developed the modern war game. By the end of the nineteenth century, the German-style Kriegsspiel had been adopted in most of the major militaries of the day. In the interwar years (1919–39), the Germans greatly increased the number and diversity of war games, which collectively became one of the main means of educating and training future commanders and their staffs at all levels. Prior to and during World War II, the Germans proved to be masters of the use of war games throughout the chain of command for rehearsing plans for pending and future operations. In peacetime, they used war games to test the validity of new doctrinal documents and for force planning. Though German methods of organizing and executing war games cannot and should not be blindly followed, yet many aspects of their practice could be successfully applied today. Moreover, the role and importance of war gaming should be greatly enhanced in the present era of smaller forces and shrinking financial resources.

The defining event of this post-Covid era (whomsoever wins in the U.S. elections), will likely be the U.S. de-coupling from China – Tech de-coupling of telecoms (from Huawei’s 5G); de-coupling from Chinese media and chat platforms; the purging of all China tech from the U.S. microchip ecosystem; the disconnecting of China from internet, from app stores, from undersea cables; and from access to U.S. cloud-based data storage systems – under Pompeo’s Clean Network programme. This represents the first heavy artillery barrage to a prolonged, and mud-laden, trench-warfare ahead.

As part of his attack on Frege’s ‘myth’ that senses reside in the third realm, Dummett alleges that Frege’s view that all objects are selbständig (‘self-subsistent’, ‘independent’) is an underlying mistake, since some objects depend upon others. Whatever the merits of Dummett’s other arguments against Frege’s conception of sense, this objection fails. First, Frege’s view that senses are third-realm entities is not traceable to his view that all objects are selbständig. Second, while Frege recognizes that there are objects that are dependent upon other objects, he does not take this to compromise the Selbständigkeit of any objects.

A partir de la influencia generada por la labor filosófica de Franz Brentano en Viena a fines del siglo XIX varios de sus alumnos y herederos de su enseñanza realizaron importantes aportes a la filosofía dentro de una tradición compartida lo cual dio lugar a la así llamada escuela de Brentano (Albertazzi et al., 1996). El cuarto de siglo que va desde la publicación de Psicología desde un punto de vista empírico de Brentano en 1874 hasta la publicación de la primera edición de Investigaciones lógicas de Husserl en 1901 es de particular interés para el estudio de la noción de intencionalidad que aquí se propone. En esta época, tanto Twardowski como Husserl realizan sus indagaciones filosóficas siguiendo el método empírico descriptivo aprendido de su maestro en común, Brentano.