## Artículos con la etiqueta ‘frontera’

#### The universe as quantum computer

Por • 23 dic, 2013 • Category: Leyes

This article reviews the history of digital computation, and investigates just how far the concept of computation can be taken. In particular, I address the question of whether the universe itself is in fact a giant computer, and if so, just what kind of computer it is. I will show that the universe can be regarded as a giant quantum computer. The quantum computational model of the universe explains a variety of observed phenomena not encompassed by the ordinary laws of physics. In particular, the model shows that the the quantum computational universe automatically gives rise to a mix of randomness and order, and to both simple and complex systems.

#### Three Merry Roads to T-Violation

Por • 30 jun, 2013 • Category: Leyes

This paper is a tour of how the laws of nature can distinguish between the past and the future, or be T-violating. I argue that, in terms of the basic argumentative structure, there are really just three approaches currently being explored. I show how each is characterized by a symmetry principle, which provides a template for detecting T-violating laws even without knowing the laws of physics themselves. Each approach is illustrated with an example, and the prospects of each are considered in extensions of particle physics beyond the standard model.

#### Grasping Complexity

Por • 3 jun, 2013 • Category: Opinion

The century of complexity has come. The face of science has changed. Surprisingly, when we start asking about the essence of these changes and then critically analyse the answers, the result are mostly discouraging. Most of the answers are related to the properties that have been in the focus of scientific research already for more than a century (like non-linearity). This paper is Preface to the special issue «Grasping Complexity» of the journal «Computers and Mathematics with Applications». We analyse the change of era in science, its reasons and main changes in scientific activity and give a brief review of the papers in the issue.

#### AMBIVALENTE ARISTÓTELES: LA DISTINTA VALORACIÓN DE SU FILOSOFÍA EN LA FORMACIÓN DEL PENSAMIENTO POLÍTICO MODERNO

Por • 14 mar, 2013 • Category: sociologia

Un mismo proyecto, dos vías distintas. Aristóteles: el genio incomparable. La transición: Marsilio de Padua. Aristóteles: bestia ignorante. Religiones de baja densidad

#### Bounding the speed of spooky action at a distance’

Por • 7 mar, 2013 • Category: Leyes

In the well-known EPR paper, Einstein et al. called the nonlocal correlation in quantum entanglement as spooky action at a distance’. If the spooky action does exist, what is its speed? All previous experiments along this direction have locality loopholes and thus can be explained without having to invoke any spooky action’ at all. Here, we strictly closed the locality loopholes by observing a 12-hour continuous violation of Bell inequality and concluded that the lower bound speed of spooky action’ was four orders of magnitude of the speed of light if the Earth’s speed in any inertial reference frame was less than 10^(-3) times of the speed of light.

#### Operaciones autoformantes y heteroformantes. Ensayo de un criterio de demarcación gnoseológica entre la Lógica formal y la Matemática (y II)

Por • 20 dic, 2012 • Category: Crítica

La Lógica formal como ciencia caracterizada por operaciones autoformantes; la Matemática como ciencia formal, caracterizada por operaciones heteroformantes. Sugerimos la posibilidad de ensayar como criterio para establecer la distinción entre lógica formal y matemática la oposición entre operaciones (o procedimientos constructivos) autoformantes y heteroformantes. Ensayar: porque no se trata meramente de estipular esta distinción como criterio demarcador, sino de aplicar en cada caso –digamos «empíricamente»– el criterio y dar cuenta de los contraejemplos de modo satisfactorio, es decir, de suerte que estos contraejemplos resulten a la vez analizados por el criterio, y éste desarrollado por ellos; todo lo cual constituye más bien un programa, una metodología para establecer un criterio de demarcación, cuya plausibilidad sólo puede robustecerse a partir de sus mismos resultados «empíricos».

#### Natural Topology

Por • 26 oct, 2012 • Category: Opinion

We give a theoretical and applicable framework for dealing with real-world phenomena. Joining pointwise and pointfree notions in BISH, natural topology gives a faithful idea of important concepts and results in intuitionism. Natural topology is well-suited for practical and computational purposes. We give several examples relevant for applied mathematics, such as the decision-support system Hawk-Eye (used in professional tennis), and various real-number representations. We compare CLASS, INT, RUSS, BISH and formal topology. There are links with physics, regarding the topological character of our physical universe.

#### The different paths to entropy

Por • 19 sep, 2012 • Category: Ciencia y tecnología

In order to undestand how the complex concept of entropy emerged,we propose a trip towards the past reviewing the works of Clausius, Boltzmann, Gibbs and Planck. In particular, since the Gibbs’s work is not very well known, we present a detailed analysis, recalling the three definitions of the entropy that Gibbs gives. May be one of the most important aspect of the entropy is to see it as a thermodynamic potential like the other thermodynamic potentials as proposed by Callen. We close with some remarks on entropy and irreversibility.

#### Measurement Theory in the Philosophy of Science

Por • 18 sep, 2012 • Category: Filosofía

The philosophy of science is a discipline concerning the metaphysical aspect of science. Recently, I proposed measurement theory, which is characterized as the metaphysical and linguistic interpretation of quantum mechanics. I assert that this theory is one of the most fundamental languages in science, and thus, it is located at the central position in science. This assertion will be examined throughout this preprint, which is written as the draft of my future book (concerning the philosophy of science). Hence, I hope to hear various opinions about this draft.

#### Early Atomic Models – From Mechanical to Quantum (1904-1913)

Por • 31 ago, 2012 • Category: sociologia

A complete history of early atomic models would fill volumes, but a reasonably coherent tale of the path from mechanical atoms to the quantum can be told by focusing on the relevant work of three great contributors to atomic physics, in the critically important years between 1904 and 1913: J. J. Thomson, Ernest Rutherford and Niels Bohr. We first examine the origins of Thomson’s mechanical atomic models, from his ethereal vortex atoms in the early 1880’s, to the myriad «corpuscular» atoms he proposed following the discovery of the electron in 1897. Beyond predictions for the periodicity of the elements, the application of Thomson’s atoms to problems in scattering and absorption led to quantitative predictions that were confirmed by experiments with high-velocity electrons traversing thin sheets of metal. Still, the much more massive and energetic {\alpha}-particles being studied by Rutherford were better suited for exploring the interior of the atom, and careful measurements on the angular dependence of their scattering eventually allowed him to infer the existence of an atomic nucleus. Niels Bohr was particularly troubled by the radiative instability inherent to any mechanical atom, and succeeded in 1913 where others had failed in the prediction of emission spectra, by making two bold hypotheses that were in contradiction to the laws of classical physics, but necessary in order to account for experimental facts.