## Artículos con la etiqueta ‘redes sociales’

#### Self-organization of progress across the century of physics

Por • 5 may, 2013 • Category: sociologia

We make use of information provided in the titles and abstracts of over half a million publications that were published by the American Physical Society during the past 119 years. By identifying all unique words and phrases and determining their monthly usage patterns, we obtain quantifiable insights into the trends of physics discovery from the end of the 19th century to today. We show that the magnitudes of upward and downward trends yield heavy-tailed distributions, and that their emergence is due to the Matthew effect. This indicates that both the rise and fall of scientific paradigms is driven by robust principles of self-organization. Data also confirm that periods of war decelerate scientific progress, and that the later is very much subject to globalization.

#### Technology Diffusion in Communication Networks

Por • 19 feb, 2012 • Category: sociologia

We propose a new model of technology diffusion inspired by the networking literature on this topic. Given the communication network $G(V,E)$, we assume that node $u$ activates (i.e. deploys the new technology) when it is adjacent to a connected component of active nodes in $G$ of size exceeding node $u$’s threshold $\theta(u)$. We focus on an algorithmic problem that is well understood in the context of social networks, but thus far has only heuristic solutions in the context of communication networks: determining the smallest seedset of early adopter nodes, that once activated, cause a cascade that eventually causes all other nodes in the network to activate as well. Our main result is a near-optimal approximation algorithm that returns a seedset that is an $O(r\ell \log|V|)$-factor larger than then the optimal seedset, where $r$ is the graph diameter and each node’s threshold can take on one of at most $\ell$ possible values. Our results highlight the substantial algorithmic difference between our problem and the work in diffusion on social networks.

#### Transformation Networks: How Innovation and the Availability of Technology can Increase Economic Performance

Por • 31 dic, 2011 • Category: sociologia

A transformation network describes how one set of resources can be transformed into another via technological processes. Transformation networks in economics are useful because they can highlight areas for future innovations, both in terms of new products, new production techniques, or better efficiency. They also make it easy to detect areas where an economy might be fragile. In this paper, we use computational simulations to investigate how the density of a transformation network affects the economic performance, as measured by the gross domestic product (GDP), of an artificial economy. Our results show that on average, the GDP of our economy increases as the density of the transformation network increases. We also find that while the average performance increases, the maximum possible performance decreases and the minimum possible performance increases.

#### Neuropsychological constraints to human data production on a global scale

Por • 3 dic, 2011 • Category: Opinion

Which are the factors underlying human information production on a global level? In order to gain an insight into this question we study a corpus of 252-633 Million publicly available data files on the Internet corresponding to an overall storage volume of 284-675 Terabytes. Analyzing the file size distribution for several distinct data types we find indications that the neuropsychological capacity of the human brain to process and record information may constitute the dominant limiting factor for the overall growth of globally stored information, with real-world economic constraints having only a negligible influence. This supposition draws support from the observation that the files size distributions follow a power law for data without a time component, like images, and a log-normal distribution for multimedia files, for which time is a defining qualia.

#### Collective emotions online and their influence on community life

Por • 17 jul, 2011 • Category: sociologia

E-communities, social groups interacting online, have recently become an object of interdisciplinary research. As with face-to-face meetings, Internet exchanges may not only include factual information but also emotional information – how participants feel about the subject discussed or other group members. Emotions are known to be important in affecting interaction partners in offline communication in many ways. Could emotions in Internet exchanges affect others and systematically influence quantitative and qualitative aspects of the trajectory of e-communities? The development of automatic sentiment analysis has made large scale emotion detection and analysis possible using text messages collected from the web.

#### Non-Conservative Diffusion and its Application to Social Network Analysis

Por • 2 mar, 2011 • Category: sociologia

We argue that unlike a random walk, which conserves the quantity diffusing on a network, many interesting social phenomena, such as the spread of information or disease on a social network, are fundamentally non-conservative.

#### Social consensus through the influence of committed minorities

Por • 25 feb, 2011 • Category: sociologia

We show how the prevailing majority opinion in a population can be rapidly reversed by a small fraction, p, of randomly distributed committed agents who consistently proselytize the opposing opinion and are immune to influence.

#### Explore what-if scenarios with SONG: Social Network Write Generator

Por • 9 feb, 2011 • Category: Opinion

Researchers have built a synthetic network that can recreate the behaviour of Twitterverse

#### Mining Mood Swings on the Real-Time Web

Por • 26 ago, 2010 • Category: sociologia

Many companies are turning to social-media sites to gauge the success of a new product and service. The latest activity on Facebook, Twitter, and countless other sites can reveal the public’s current mood toward a new film, gadget, or celebrity, and analytics services are springing up to help companies keep track. Social-media analytics startup Viralheat, based in San Jose, CA, is now offering free, real-time access to the data it is collecting on attitudes toward particular topics or products. One of the first customers for this new service–called Social Trends–is ESPN, which plans to use Social Trends to show live popularity rankings for different NFL teams.`